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Key words: GCS Digital Oilfield Wireless Communication 1 Introduction According to different ground oil pressures, oil field crude oil collection is generally divided into two ways: one is relying on the pressure of the reservoir itself to make crude oil spray on the ground, and it is also accompanied by the generation of associated natural gas. Since the oil is sprayed, this kind of oil well is called self-injection oil well; the second is the way in which the pressure of the local bottom oil layer is not enough, and the need to rely on external forces to collect crude oil on the ground is called artificial lift or mechanical oil recovery.
At present, most of the oil fields in China lack natural energy. They have no self-injection capability, and even if they have self-injection capacity, they will have a short-term self-injection period. After a few years, the pressure of the reservoir will decrease and they will not be able to continue to self-eject oil: The production period of oil fields is often extended for two to three decades, so the vast majority of current crude oil collection is based on artificial lift. Artificial lift oil production includes gas lift oil extraction, rod pump oil pumping, and screw pump oil production. Because the rod pumping oil extraction of the pumping unit occupies the proportion of most of the domestic oil production methods in the domestic land wells, the automatic transformation of the rod pumping well of the pumping unit has become the basis for the transformation of the Shuyu Oilfield. [1]
At present, most of the domestic pumping wells have not been automated, and the monitoring of the operation status of oil fields mainly depends on manual inspection. Due to the special topographic structure, the pumping wells in the operation area are widely distributed, the efficiency of the manual inspection is low, the information acquisition cycle is long, and the inspection cost is high. It is even more difficult to realize the immediate adjustment of the pumping well and the production forecast. analysis. Through digital transformation, we established a professional digital oilfield network, completed the monitoring, control, and data acquisition of oil fields (mainly pumping wells with pumping rods for pumping units), and provided functions such as data query and reporting required for production. Safe production is of great significance.
This article focuses on the needs of the oilfield automation process and the overall architecture of the oilfield. Based on this, it proposes an overall oilfield on-site solution based on GCS, focusing on the design of a wide range of domestically-populated pumping wells and corresponding networks. Improve and achieve good results.
2 Digital Transformation Analysis The overall transformation of the digital oilfield covers the entire oil field, including the automation control system for oil wells, water injection wells, water source wells, metering rooms and joint stations. The collected data is transmitted to the work area monitoring room and the upper-level control center of the oil field company through the industrial wired/wireless network to complete the remote data collection and control functions for the wellhead equipment; at the same time, the electronic patrol inspection and integrated video surveillance system are strictly followed for each pumping. Oil well installation conditions and production conditions, related management and scheduling optimization work, and ultimately achieve unattended automation level of the entire oil field process site under normal conditions.
This article focuses on the renovation of the pumping wells and introduces the three parts of the Shuyu Oilfield.
2.1 Control Center The entire oilfield measurement and control system can be divided into three parts: control center, communication network and wellhead monitoring. The control center is the core of the digital oilfield and is responsible for completing the data processing, storage, scheduling, and operation analysis of the pumping well and the reservoir area. The control center can be divided into a monitoring system and a production data processing system according to its functions. The monitoring system achieves remote parameter acquisition and routine control functions for oil field devices such as pumping units, joint stations, and water injection stations through a good man-machine interface. It also provides an alarm interface to ensure that faults and abnormalities generated at the site can be handled in a timely manner to avoid danger. An accident occurred. The production data processing system focuses on oilfield production optimization, well condition analysis, and production planning and forecasting.
2.2 Wellhead Measurement and Control Transformation Wellhead data measurement is the basis of digitization of oilfields. Automatic detection of wellheads mainly includes the following parts: status of crude oil and pipelines (oil temperature, hydraulic pressure, etc.), and the working status (load, displacement) of the pumping unit itself. ), the status of the working motor (electricity, current, etc.) and the signal of the pumping unit control. The details are as follows:
• Data acquisition part: Monitor the pressure, temperature, and start-stop status of the pumping unit through on-site instrumentation, and measure the dynamometer diagram and current diagram in real time through the load and displacement sensors and current sensors.
• Control: Achieve overloaded shutdown control with a load higher than the set upper and lower limits, start and stop time at a fixed point, and start and stop remotely.
• Telecommunication: The pumping unit is widely distributed. The data of the pumping unit is mainly communicated with the radio station of the central control room through wireless channels such as digital radio and GPRS.
• Alarm: Considering the unattended state of the site, determine whether the pumping well is working properly, give alarm information, and take different actions according to the preset settings.
• Kai pumping alarm: It has a pumping unit pumping alarm function to ensure the safety of field workers. At the same time, taking into account that the site is in an unattended state, the RTU box is protected and an open box alarm is realized.
• Self-test: Self-test of hardware failure of the pumping unit measurement and control system.
• Self-protection: Automatic shutdown protection for over-current, over-voltage, under-voltage, and phase loss.
2.3 Communication System Data communication is an important part of the oilfield monitoring system. From the perspective of existing communication methods, there are two options, wired and wireless. The wired methods include fiber-optic cables, such as ADSL, and the wireless methods include digital radio and CDMA. These methods are applied to oilfield monitoring systems and have their own advantages and disadvantages. As shown in Table 1, various communication methods are compared in terms of coverage, cost, and reliability.
In the project, users can comprehensively consider the appropriate remote networking method based on their own oilfield size, investment scale, geographical distribution and other conditions.
In general, wellhead distance and monitoring center in the North Oilfield are not too far away. At the same time, plain farmland is dominant and geographically empty. After comprehensive comparison of data bandwidth and cost, WIFI bridges are selected for communication. WIFI Bridge has a large communication bandwidth and can also share the network with wellhead video surveillance. Although there is a certain amount of commissioning and installation work during the initial period of network installation, the expenditures in the later period are less, and the overall cost performance is relatively low. [2] 
GCS-G3 series products are the solutions for low-cost remote monitoring system implemented by SMIC. The products support industrial-grade environmental adaptability and flexible on-site signal adaptability, and can be widely used in domestic distributed remote control, such as oilfields and long-distance pipelines. , urban heating network and other fields. The system supports multiple wired/wireless industrial communication schemes to achieve long-distance communication. The GCU341 in the GCS-G3 series is a centrally controlled wellhead intelligent terminal. The components support the measurement and local storage of oilfield dynamometer data, electricity data, and crude oil related measurement data (such as oil temperature and oil pressure), and provide remote start and stop. Wells and related interlock protection features.
3.2 Solution According to requirements, the wellhead part of the data acquisition can be implemented as follows: Closed outdoor vertical box near the pumping unit, GCU341 based on GCS-G3 series, power measurement and control module and other corresponding power supply Empty open and other equipment. The voice alarm system is installed in the cabinet. When remote start-stop, voice alarms are performed in time to ensure on-site safety. At the same time, taking into account the site unattended, an increase of out-of-the-box buzzing alarms and reminding the monitoring room functions to ensure property safety.
For the final dynamometer data of the oil field, GCU341 can not only collect the load and displacement in a single stroke through configuration, but also time stamp. The power graph data supports the local storage function. The local power graph data can be maintained for up to 15 days for reading or querying by the host computer.
The site also deployed video surveillance cameras, transmitted to the oil field control center through a unified WIFI network, and integrated into the unified monitoring of the SCADA software interface (GPRS due to limited bandwidth, not suitable for sharing and video surveillance network). 
Figure 1 single and measure control program
Joint metering stations and water injection stations are relatively numerous and concentrated with respect to the pumping wells, and can be arranged in a centralized manner.
The communication network topology is shown in Figure 2. According to the ethnicity, CDMA/WIFI and wired fiber ring networks can be selected to save construction and reliable communication. The GCU341 and WIFI are connected via an industrial Ethernet bus (GCU341 itself provides two Redundant Ethernet interface). The monitoring center provides two communication interfaces to support the connection of various communication components and achieves data exchange with the wellhead platform, metering station, and water injection station. The other port communicates with the host computer through a standard cable, and the upper computer selects the shares of the China Control Technology Corporation. The company's VxSCADA software products enable the overall monitoring and processing of the system. 
Figure 2 Network topology of communication system
Compared with similar products, GCS-G3 series products are not only small in size, flexible in installation, but also fully meet the application requirements in the field of control programs. In actual use, the metering and interlocking alarm module for wellhead development improves the efficiency and safety of oil production. At the same time, the system also provides open OPC, ODBC and other data interfaces, and has strong extension characteristics.
The GCS-G3 series of products supporting VxSCADA software can fully meet the system control requirements for oil field mining direction; at the same time, it combines wireless equipment to provide the overall solution of the wireless system, and solves the problem of system monitoring in the field of distribution, distance, and scope of the oil recovery direction. In the oil field mining industry has a good application prospects.
references:
[1] Pan Yu ^ Design and implementation of remote online monitoring system for oil field pumping unit based on GPRS[J] 丨 Industrial Instrumentation and Automation Equipment, 2008,2.
[2] Cai Weifeng. Implementation and Application of Wireless Communication SCADA System [J]; Electronic Technology Application, 2002,8.
[3] WEN Bo. Design of remote metering dynamometer based on embedded system [d]. Wuhan: Wuhan University of Technology, 2006.
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Application of Central Control Hybrid Control System in Oilfield Mining Industry
Abstract : This article is based on the successful application of the hybrid control system (GCS) in the field of digital oilfields in the oil field reclamation industry. It analyzes the user requirements and hierarchical division in the oil field digitization process, and details the system architecture and wireless network of the (GCS) system. Communication, system installation and other features, and on this basis, put forward an overall oilfield on-site solution, which is of great significance for improving the safety production and automation level of the oilfield. The access of local instrument signals takes into account the environmental and climatic factors in the north, and is divided into two types of wired and wireless access methods. Among them, the load and displacement sensors are always in the vertical movement trajectory, and the traditional signal cables are easily brittle in the low temperature environment in the north, and should be accessed wirelessly. Others, such as oil temperature, hydraulic pressure, and sleeve voltage measurement and control And so on, can be wired access. 4 Conclusion The digital transformation of the oil field can not only reduce the related management and maintenance personnel and costs, and improve the on-site production efficiency and management level. At the same time, through the subsequent data induction analysis, it provides data reference for the overall strategic decisions of the upper oil field leaders.
Table 1 Comparison of various communication methods
3 Control System Solution 3.1 GCS-G3 Introduction The WebFieldGCS platform is an automation system for SmartWorld launched by China Control Technology Corporation. It includes G5 series products for medium and large-scale hybrid control applications and G3 series products for distributed measurement and control applications. WebFieldGCS control system integrates a variety of control technology, visualization technology, network technology and information technology, providing a fully integrated solution for a variety of applications, suitable for discrete control, motion control, batch processing, security control and drive control applications The main application in the oil field is Shen GCS-G3 series products.