Blast furnace is metallurgical equipment in the shaft furnace. A blast furnace is a vertical furnace in which a charge containing a metal component (ore, sintering or agglomerate) is smelted in the presence of air or oxygen-enriched air to obtain sulfur or a crude metal.

The blast furnace has the characteristics of high thermal efficiency, large unit productivity (bed capacity), high metal recovery rate, low cost and small floor space, and is one of the important smelting equipments in pyrometallurgy.

The blast furnace consists of a furnace base, a furnace bottom, a hearth, a furnace body, a furnace top (including a charging device), a support, an air blowing system, a water cooling or vaporization cooling system, a discharge melt device, and a front bed.

The furnace base is constructed of concrete or reinforced concrete, on which steel supports or jacks are placed to support the furnace bottom.

Bottom bottom plate is steel or cast iron, asbestos plates followed plate, brick clay, magnesium brick.

Furnace water jacket (or masonry brick) (or called the bed).

The furnace body is made up of several water jackets. Each water jacket is 0.8~1.2m wide and 1.6~5m high. It is welded with boiler steel plate and fixed on a special bracket. The air duct and water pipe are also arranged on the bracket.

The blast furnace can be used for sulfur smelting of metals such as copper , nickel , cobalt and the like, and reduction smelting of metals such as lead and zinc , and can also be used for melting copper and processing other materials. The blast furnace melt is generally in the form of a block and the fuel is coke . The charge is added in batches from the top of the furnace to form a column. The air is blown in from the lower tuyere, and the coke is burned in the tuyere area to form a high-temperature melting zone; the charge reacts fiercely and melts continuously. During the reduction smelting, the melt is clarified in the hearth, and the metal and the slag are respectively released. When the smelting is smelting, the melt flows into the front bed through the bed, and the ice copper and the slag are clarified and separated. The hot flue gas rises through the charge to the top of the furnace, so that the charge is preheated (the concentrate is also sintered when the kneaded concentrate is smelted), and a partial smelting chemical reaction occurs. Therefore, the blast furnace has good heat and mass transfer conditions, high thermal efficiency, and large daily production capacity per unit area (ie, bed capacity).

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