In the network's smog investigation documentary "Under the Dome", Chai Jing inspected the once infamous heavily polluted city of Los Angeles, where she overlooked the city's big cake-like road model and the car on the helicopter. Highly dependent, the officials of the California Air Resources Board on the side of the road issued a ticket to drivers who did not install air particulate filters on heavy-duty diesel vehicles. Indeed, Beijing and California and Los Angeles are very similar, often in their respective countries. The quality report is at the forefront of the blacklist, and car exhaust emissions are the main source of pollution, but since Los Angeles began to develop electric vehicles on a large scale since the 1990s, a new journey has begun from the historical heritage of several cars and 117 public charging piles. Los Angeles has become the "capital" of pure electric vehicles in the world. In the long-term process of managing smog in California and Los Angeles, the promotion of iron-clad regulations and new energy vehicles has contributed.
How is California doing?
According to statistics, car exhaust accounts for 43% of Los Angeles' total carbon emissions. After decades of hard work, the city has finally realized the coexistence of cars and blue sky, first of all thanks to California's iron-clad environmental car policy. California is the largest automotive market in the United States, and has the authority to set policy independent of federal regulations. It has been regarded as a reform laboratory for many years. California is a special area of ​​motor vehicle control that is different from other states in the United States, and enforces stricter standards than the federal government.
In 1990, the California Air Resources Board (ARB) approved clean fuel and low-emission and zero-emission vehicle standards, and began to attack the vehicle emissions control. The above standard is called the Low Emission Vehicle No. 1 Plan (LEV I). Unlike the previous regulations, the plan does not set a uniform emission standard for all vehicles. Instead, it classifies different models and proposes different emissions. Standards, but at the same time based on the average fuel economy regulations of the enterprise for assessment. The focus of this standard is on nitrogen oxides (NMOG) and carbon monoxide. The reason why these two are the core of air quality management is because they make the main component of the haze - ozone.
In 2012, the California Air Resources Board overstated the state's passenger vehicle emission control regulations. The newly upgraded clean car program covers vehicles produced between 2017 and 2025. Several nuclear management systems have been incorporated into the new program, including the Low Emission Vehicle (LEV) Program to Control Light Vehicle Exhaust Emissions, Clean Fuel Export Regulations, which are intended to promote alternative fuel use, and the most concerned, requiring automotive manufacturers to produce zero The ZEV plan for the emission of vehicles. According to the road map for the “zero emission” target of motor vehicles given by the Act, from 1990 to 2003, the exhaust emissions of motor vehicles on the roads of the state should reach the goal of “ultra-low emissions”. From 2003 to 2015, Motor vehicle exhaust emissions on state roads must meet the “zero emissions” target.
The ZEV program encourages people to use zero-emission vehicles to reduce pollution of urban air by motor vehicle exhaust. Among the new cars sold by various car companies in California, the proportion of new energy vehicles, including pure electric, plug-in hybrid and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, has increased. By 2018, it will increase to 5.5% of all new car sales to 2025. It is also required to reach 14%, and nine other states including New York, New Jersey, Maryland, and Massachusetts have also announced their participation in the ZEV program.
In 2014, the California Air Resources Board also passed the new California Clean Vehicles Regulations, which aim to strictly control emissions from gasoline and diesel vehicles, save fuel consumption, and reduce haze and greenhouse gas emissions. It stipulates that the emission standards for cars and light trucks produced in California between 2017 and 2025 require the use of lightweight and high-strength materials, high-efficiency transmission systems and engines to reduce greenhouse gas emissions per kilometer to 103.75 grams. In 2016, the standard was down by 34%; the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle was completed in 2015, and the hydrogen battery fuel station was added to ensure the sale of clean fuel such as electricity and hydrogen to meet the market demand of new automobiles.
California has introduced various clean car regulations that strictly control vehicle exhaust emissions, accelerate the improvement of air quality, and provide consumers with new energy-saving models that save fuel and money. Currently, consumers who purchase pure electric vehicles can enjoy a $7,500 federal tax credit, and the California government's electric vehicle purchase tax rebate is as high as $2,500. In addition, single-passenger zero-emission vehicles can travel in HOV lanes. According to a recent survey by the US Energy Information Administration (EIA), the most populous California electric vehicle sales accounted for about half of all sales in the United States.
How to do in Los Angeles?
On the morning of July 26, 1943, when the residents of Los Angeles in the United States woke up from their sleep, the scene in front of them made them think that they were attacked by Japanese chemical weapons: the air was filled with light blue fog, people walking on the road Smell the smell of pungent, many people parked their cars on the roadside to wipe the tears of their eyes. The government soon came out to blame. This is not the poison of the Japanese, but an unknown toxic substance in the atmosphere. Arie Haagen-Smit, a Dutch scientist at the California Institute of Technology, discovered that the culprits were actually car exhausts by analyzing the ingredients in the air. After the hydrocarbons and nitrogen dioxide in the exhaust of the automobile are discharged into the atmosphere, a photochemical reaction occurs under ultraviolet irradiation of sunlight to produce photochemical smog containing highly toxic.
For the first time, Los Angeles people realized that the smog that threatened them came from their beloved car, and everyone was the source of pollution. In the decades that followed, in addition to implementing a number of state government regulations, the Los Angeles government also introduced a number of measures to address car pollution. California has better weather conditions, longer ages and lower fuel efficiency. The main measures of the Los Angeles government are setting high motor vehicle standards, improving oil quality, improving engines and subsequent management. Most PM2.5s are emitted by diesel vehicles. For this source of pollution, all diesel vehicles are recommended to install particulate traps. The government also encourages the elimination of used cars and the replacement of industrial equipment through financial subsidies. This also promotes new product development and improves the economic and social benefits of investment. If the car is encouraged to switch to natural gas or new diesel fuel, the truck that replaces the fuel will be subsidized by 8,000 US dollars.
The Los Angeles city has a scale of 470 square miles, a population of 4.1 million, and a city registered with 2.5 million vehicles. The daily travel mileage of the citizens is about 37 kilometers. At present, electric vehicles emit 71% less emissions per mile than fuel vehicles, and hybrid vehicles emit 48% less per mile than fuel vehicles. Renewable energy use in Los Angeles is rising rapidly, with a usage rate of 20% in 2010 and a 33% plan by 2020.
In Los Angeles, almost all electric cars listed in the US can be purchased. Nissan Leaf, Chevrolet Volt and Toyota Prius are representative models of pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles. In the past few years, the city of Los Angeles has taken a variety of ways to understand and prepare to promote electric vehicles:
1) The Urban Building Regulations stipulate that all new construction projects from January 1, 2011 must include electric vehicle maintenance;
2) Los Angeles Hydropower Department promotes electric vehicle charging discount rate, residential installation charging facilities can enjoy a tax refund of 2,000 US dollars, single-family residential users can get a seven-day charging guarantee, in addition to an electric car customer service team;
3) The Los Angeles Department of Hydropower has upgraded the city's power infrastructure to support the growth in electricity demand caused by electric vehicle charging. So far, the department has upgraded more than 2,400 transmission transformers and replaced more than 800 poles;
4) At present, electric vehicle charging is a free item in Los Angeles City property charges;
5) Long-term cooperation between Los Angeles and Southern California continues to create opportunities to support the research and promotion of electric vehicles. It also collaborates with regional and industry stakeholders to organize a series of 101 seminars for electric vehicles, currently working with UCLA. Collaborate to understand the city's electric vehicle market potential and determine research directions and policy measures.
6) Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) has issued California's most powerful electric vehicle incentive policy - 30 days free parking! There are two free parking lots in designated locations, customers who use electric cars can park for up to 30 days, but The policy ended on March 1, 2013 and resumed a $30 parking fee per day, still providing a free charging service.
In addition, Los Angeles is committed to the public sector, city and local government agencies to conduct regional collaborations called Southern California Electric Vehicles (SoCal EV), share regional electric vehicle data and research, jointly obtain funding grants, and coordinate the construction of electric vehicle charging infrastructure. Regional solution.
The Mayor's Office, Los Angeles Department of Hydropower (LADWP), C40-Clinton Climate Initiative, UCLA's Anderson School of Business, and Luskin Center Center) conducted a one-year research project to understand the potential electric vehicle market in various urban areas of Los Angeles, to identify barriers to development and consider financial and non-financial interventions. The second phase of the research project will examine the best practices for installing a charging facility in a multi-unit home, as well as a public charging cost recovery model.
From the first recorded photochemical smog event in Los Angeles, no one thought that the work of smog pollution control lasted for more than 70 years, and it continues to this day. The various resistances in the process are self-evident. Looking back, you will find that the people who really promote this cause are still ordinary people and return to Beijing. As Chai Jing said: As an ordinary person, you can drive less. More public transport, now, there is a new option that can not be ignored - open a new energy car!

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