Refractory Bricks

A fire brick, firebrick, or refractory is a block of ceramic material used in lining furnaces, kilns, fireboxes, and fireplaces. A refractory brick is built primarily to withstand high temperature, but will also usually have a low thermal conductivity for greater energy efficiency. Usually dense firebricks are used in applications with extreme mechanical, chemical, or thermal stresses, such as the inside of a wood-fired kiln or a furnace, which is subject to abrasion from wood, fluxing from ash or slag, and high temperatures. In other, less harsh situations, such as in an electric- or natural gas-fired kiln, more porous bricks, commonly known as "kiln bricks", are a better choice.They are weaker, but they are much lighter and easier to form and insulate far better than dense bricks. In any case, firebricks should not spall, and their strength should hold up well during rapid temperature changes.

The silica fire bricks that line steel-making furnaces are used at temperatures up to 3,000 °F (1,649 °C), which would melt many other types of ceramic, and in fact part of the silica firebrick liquefies.[citation needed] High-temperature Reusable Surface Insulation (HRSI), a material with the same composition, was used in the insulating tiles of the Space Shuttle.[citation needed]
Non-ferrous metallurgical processes use basic refractory bricks because the slags used in these processes readily dissolve the [acidic" silica bricks. The most common basic refractory bricks used in smelting non-ferrous metal concentrates are [chrome-magnesite" or [magnesite-chrome" bricks (depending on the relative ratios of magnesite and chromite ores used in their manufacture).

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