Figure 1 is a section of the principle of grinding and floating
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Principle of process
The so-called principle of flotation process is a reflection of some kind of program principles of ore, usually it involves grinding - the number of flotation stage, the flotation cycle and multi-metal ore flotation of useful minerals in order. The principle process for ore (especially gold-bearing ore) using multiple sorting methods must also reflect the sorting method used. For example, re-election-flotation-cyanide refers to the principle of combining three sorting methods. Process.
1. Number of flotation segments.
The number of segments refers to the number of times the floating ore is subjected to grinding-flotation, also called the number of grinding and floating sections. For example, if a certain ore is subjected to grinding (granularity change once) and then enters the flotation to obtain the final product, it can be called a piece of grinding and floating; if the first stage of grinding-flotation, a certain product is subjected to grinding and floating again, the corresponding one is called Two-stage, three-stage and other multi-stage flotation processes.
The number of grinding cycles depends mainly on the embedding properties of the useful minerals in the ore. Depending on the characteristics of the useful mineral inlays, there are often several basic grinding and floating principles as shown in Figures 1 and 2.
What is common in gold production is a simple one-and-one-selection process (Fig. 1), which is suitable for ore with fine minerals uniformly embedded in useful minerals. After a rough grinding (-200 mesh accounts for 45%~70%) ) You can perform flotation. When the useful mineral is uniformly embedded in fine particles, it needs to be ground to -200 mesh to account for more than 80% to dissociate the basic monomer of useful minerals, and the two-stage continuous grinding as shown in Fig. 2a is used.
When the useful minerals are unevenly embedded, that is, the content of coarse, medium and fine particles differs greatly, coarse grinding can dissociate some useful mineral monomers, select some qualified concentrates and re-grind the medium or tail mines. Dissociation of the fine-grained monomers, followed by the procedures shown in b and c of Figure 4-4.
When a variety of useful minerals such as Cu-Pb-Zn and other polymetallic sulfide ore are assembled, although the useful minerals are finer in size, their aggregates have a coarser grain size, and the obvious boundary with the gangue is often used as shown in Figure 2d. The first stage of flotation shows a stage of grinding and re-grinding of the mixed concentrate. If the copper , gold and sulfur minerals of a gold-selecting plant are closely symbiotic, and there is a clear boundary with quartz , this process is most reasonable; For ore with complex minerals embedded in a complex, three or more stages can be used, as shown in Figure 2e. [next]
In the production practice, the one-stage and two-stage grinding and floating processes are more common, and the three-stage and above-mentioned processes are less applied. In particular, the small and medium-sized gold selection plants adopt a one-stage grinding and floating process due to the limitation of technical and economic conditions.
The embedding characteristics of actual ore are often not as typical as discussed above. The number of grinding ore sections of a particular ore is determined by trial and technical economic comparison.
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Figure 2 shows several typical stages of grinding and floating principles
A-two grinding and one selected one-stage grinding and floating process; b- middle-mine re-grinding two-stage grinding and floating process;
C-tailing re-grinding two-stage grinding and floating process; d-coarse re-grinding two-stage grinding and floating process;
An example of the e-three-stage grinding process. [next]
2. Flotation cycle.
For more complicated processes, it is often divided into several loops, such as the polymetallic ore flotation is divided into several loops (loops) by other metal minerals selected, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4.
Figure 3 a two-cycle process                       Figure 4 two-stage three-cycle process
3. The order of selection of polymetallic ores.
In the flotation of polymetallic ore recovering two useful minerals, there is a recycling order of useful minerals. The order of recovering various useful minerals in the ore and their symbiotic relationship are different. Figure 3-7 shows several principle processes.
(1) Priority flotation process (Figure 5a). According to the difference in the floatability of useful minerals, the useful minerals are successively floated in the order of easy and difficult. It is economical to use preferential flotation when the useful ore content is higher and the gangue content is less. [next]
(2) Mixed flotation process (Fig. 5b). Also called the full flotation process. Several useful minerals to be recovered are floated together under coarse grinding, and a large amount of tailings are discarded, and then the mixed concentrates are sorted into individual concentrates one by one. It is suitable for polymetallic ores with useful minerals in a collection and low content. Compared with the priority process, it has the advantage of losing a large amount of tailings after coarse grinding, saving equipment and energy consumption, but its disadvantage is that the mixed concentrate contains a large amount of excess oil, which makes it difficult for the subsequent separation flotation.
(3) Partial hybrid flotation process (Figure 5c). It is a special case of mixed flotation that mixes some of several useful minerals first.
(4) Equal flotation process (Fig. 5d). There are also separate hybrid flotation processes. It is characterized by breaking the boundaries of minerals, first flotation of similarly floating minerals, and then separating them according to minerals. In FIG. 4-7d example, when the flotation of galena sphalerite in a portion of the float floats with good galena, and that portion can float poor zinc blende not required to go up together. The advantage of this process is that the lead-zinc mixing does not require a large amount of activator to activate the part of the sphalerite which is not buoyant, so that it is not necessary to add a large amount of inhibition in the separation of the lead-zinc mixed concentrate in the next step. The agent then inhibits the sphalerite that has been activated. The next step is to activate the hard-floating zinc ore mine only once. This rational use of drugs can save a lot of chemicals and improve the flotation process. The shortcoming is that it can't save flotation equipment like hybrid flotation. When a mineral has two parts, it is difficult to float and float.
Figure 5 Principle flow of polymetallic ore flotation (taking lead-zinc-sulfur ore as an example)
A-priority flotation; b-mixed flotation; c-part hybrid flotation; d-equal flotation