Although the amalgamation of gold has a long history, the systematic research work on the theory of mercury amalgamation has only made great progress in recent decades. Mercury amalgamation is based on the selective wetting (capture) of gold particles in the slurry by liquid metal mercury, which separates it from other metal minerals and gangues, and then the mercury diffuses into the trapped gold particles. Amalgam (alloy). The amalgam is then distilled in a mercury vaporizer to separate the mercury from the amalgam to obtain gold.

In the process of amalgamation, the contact between the surface of the mercury and the surface of the gold particles in the slurry is carried out in an aqueous medium. When gold is in contact with mercury, the new contact surface formed between them replaces the original gold and water and the interface between mercury and water, thereby reducing the surface energy of the phase and destroying the contact between the surface of the mercury and the surface of the gold particles. Hydration layer. At this point, mercury rapidly diffuses along the surface of the gold particles and promotes a reduction in surface energy at the interface. As mercury diffuses into the interior of the gold particles, it forms a mercury gold compound (amalgam) and simultaneously releases heat. This exothermic reaction is the result of the interaction between atoms.

The reason why mercury selectively wets gold and diffuses into the interior of the gold particles is that the surface of the gold particles has the thinnest oxide film. It is well known that when a metal surface is in contact with air, it is oxidized to form an oxide film. However, compared with other base metals, gold has the slowest oxidation rate and the thinnest oxide film. This is the root cause of gold wetting and amalgamation of mercury. In addition to gold, silver , copper , zinc , tin and cadmium can also be combined with mercury to form amalgam, and even platinum can form platinum amalgam with the participation of zinc or sodium. However, the surface of silver and platinum can form a dense, hard oxide film, and amalgamation is difficult. Other base metals are difficult to remove due to the oxide film on the surface, and cannot directly form an amalgam.

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