Development of the slopes of the Vitasalmi copper mine in Finland
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维塔萨尔米(Virtasalmi) copper ore mine is steeply inclined, to the length of 500m, a thickness of 2 ~ 3m, mineral salts stabilized. The upper part is open-pit mining and the deep part is underground mining. The annual output of ore is 3 million tons.
The mine is developed using ramps. The slope is arranged in the lower part of the ore body, with an oblique length of 2300m, a slope of 14%, a section width × height = 4 × 5m, a concrete pavement on the upper surface of the slope road, and a gravel pavement in the deep part. Slopes are used to transport mineral rock, material equipment and transport personnel. It is the only transport route to the surface. There are also several loading points in the ramp.
In addition to the slopes, there are three loading and transport lanes in the development project, which are set at +150m, +260m and +300m. The +150m phase has been completed, the +260m phase is being recovered, and the +300m phase is being developed.
The mine is harvested by the open field method. All underground mining operations use trackless equipment, and the ore produced is transported by dump trucks along the slope to the surface. The underground operation is two shifts a day, five days a week, and a total of 57 employees. Mine equipment is shown in Table 1. The development system is shown in Figure 1. [next]
Table 17-14 Mining technical conditions and slope parameters and equipment for some mines using slopes
Mine name
Ore body
Mine production scale (t/d)
Pioneering form
Long (m)
Thick (m)
inclination)
Buried depth (m)
Sanshan Island Gold Mine
1000
2.0 to 2.2
35°～45°
+15～-600
1500
Shaft development and auxiliary slopes
Dachang tin mine
600
50
70°
+700～-225
4000
Shaft development and auxiliary slopes
Fankou lead zinc ore
600
18~36
30° to 70°
+80～-300
3000
Shaft development and auxiliary slopes
Xiaosigou Molybdenum Mine
2000
40
50°～80°
+400
3000
Pingyi Development and Auxiliary Slope Road
Forest Hill pointed iron ore
685
30
35°～85°
+121～-350
3000
Shaft development and auxiliary slopes
Xiaotieshan Copper Mine
500-1000
5.5
60°～80°
0~-650
1000
Shaft development and auxiliary slopes
Jing Tieshan Iron Mine
2500
60
60°
Above the erosion base
8000
Pingyi Development and Auxiliary Slope Road
Fushan Iron Mine
1000
30~50
45°
Above the erosion base
3000
Pingyi Development and Auxiliary Slope Road
Fengshan Copper Mine
1200
25~30
50°～80°
+100～-500
3500
Shaft development and auxiliary slopes
Meishan Iron Mine
1370
134
20°
+40～-400
8000
Shaft development and auxiliary slopes
Bait fishing polymetallic mine (Japan)
750
250
15°～20°
350
250,000 tons / year
Slope road development
Hamas Lati Copper Mine (Finland)
1000
20~50
80°～90°
0~-400
420,000 tons / year
Slope road development
Poly Period - Campbell Zinc Mine (USA)
210
40
90°
120
2700
Slope road development
Baruba Copper Mine (Zambia)
6000
8
30° to 90°
0～-710
13000
Shaft development and auxiliary slopes
Kiruna Iron Mine (Sweden)
4000
85
40°～75°
2000
80000
Shaft development and auxiliary slopes
Mount-Essado Metal Mine (Australia)
3000
45
65°
200~600
10000
Shaft opening and auxiliary ramp
Kidd Creek Copper Mine (Canada)
600
180
70°～80°
110
10000
Shaft opening and auxiliary ramp
Shenze Polymetallic Mine (Japan)
1500
5.1
10°
400
3000 tons / month
Belt conveyor and auxiliary ramp
Lodif uranium mine (France)
1500
200
50°～60°
300
1000
Main ramp
Vitasalmi (Finland)
500
2 to 3
Sharp tilt
3 million tons / year
Main ramp
Unfinished, see continued table 1 [next]
(Continued) Table 1
Mine name
Slope road
Main trackless equipment
form
slope(%)
Length (m)
Section width × height (m)
Pavement structure
Sanshandao Gold Mine
Reentry
13
2057
4.2×3.6
gravel
ST-2D Scraper, MT-413-30 Truck, M14-1F/D3-E50 Drill
Dachang tin mine
Reentry
15
880
3.5×4.0
Concrete asphalt
CT-6000 and LF-4.1 scraper
Fankou lead-zinc mine
Reentry
15
1577
5.5×3.8
Concrete
CT-1500, LF-4.1 scraper ROC-306, PLYTON drill
Xiaosigou Molybdenum Mine
spiral
15
576
4.2×3.7
gravel
LK-1, DZL-50 scraper Isuzu, Nissan
Jianlinshan Iron Mine
Reentry
14
2100
4.2×3.5
Concrete
LK-1, WK-2, ZLD-40 scraper
Xiaotieshan Copper Mine
Reentry
14
1356
3.6×3.6
gravel
CT-1500, EHST-1A scraper, Mercury 14-JF-D3/E50 drilling rig
Jing Tieshan Iron Mine
Upper spiral
Lower foldback
15
1794
20.5m 2
gravel
ST-5C, EST-5C, ZLD-40 scraper
Fushan Iron Mine
Reentry
10
4.2×3.2
Concrete
LK-1 scraper, ZLD-40 scraper
Fengshan Copper Mine
Reentry
15
803
4.2×3.5
Ibid.
LK-1 scraper
Meishan Iron Mine
Reentry
15
2122
4.5×3.7
Ibid.
ST-5C, EST-5C, ZLD-40 scraper, LK-1 scraper
Bait fishing polymetallic mine (Japan)
Reentry
15
1800
14.8m 2
Ibid.
Eimco 913 Scraper, Eimco HL 707 Drill, Eimco 980T13V, 980T15 Truck
Hamas Lati Copper Mine (Finland)
Reentry
12
2800
5.0×4.1
Ibid.
CT980B, TORO-500 scraper, KOOKMS420 truck
Poly Period - Campbell Zinc Mine (USA)
Reentry
13
1418
4.8×4.2
Ibid.
Koehzimg truck
Baruba Copper Mine (Zambia)
Reentry
12
2000
4.2×4.2
Ibid.
Eimco 920 Scraper, MTT-420 Truck
Kiruna Iron Mine (Sweden)
Reentry
10
2500
8.0×5.0
asphalt
K-162, K-250 truck
Mount-Essado Metal Mine (Australia)
Reentry
10
1150
3.0×3.6
gravel
Kidd Creek Copper Mine (Canada)
Reentry
17
2000
5.2×3.0
Concrete
ST-8A Scraper, MTT-420 Truck
Shenze Polymetallic Mine (Japan)
Linear
17
2200
4.0×2.8
Ibid.
Eimco 912B Scraper, ST-8A Scraper
Lodif uranium mine (France)
Reentry
17
1900
20m 2
Ibid.
CT-6000, CT-12000, ST-5 scraper, CFBK truck
Vitasalmi (Finland)
Reentry
14
2300
4×5
Ibid.
2 CAT-980 loaders, 4 KL-420 dump trucks, 1 PK3000 loading truck, auxiliary vehicles
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Figure 1 Vitasalmi's development system
1-slope track; 2-A ore body; 3-B ore body; 4-C ore body; 5-D ore body;
6-E ore body; 7-wind patio; 8-wind patio; 9-open pit

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