The pressure sensors we usually use are mainly made using piezoelectric effects. Such sensors are also called piezoelectric sensors.

We know that crystals are anisotropic and noncrystals are isotropic. Some crystal media, when deformed by a mechanical force along a certain direction, produce a polarization effect; scientists have developed a pressure sensor based on this effect.

The piezoelectric materials mainly used in piezoelectric sensors include quartz, potassium sodium tartrate, and diammonium phosphate. Among them, quartz (silicon dioxide) is a kind of natural crystal. The piezoelectric effect is found in this kind of crystal. Within a certain temperature range, the piezoelectricity is always there, but after the temperature exceeds this range, the piezoelectricity is completely Disappear (this high temperature is the so-called "curie point"). Because the electric field changes little with the change of stress (that is, the piezoelectric coefficient is relatively low), quartz is gradually replaced by other piezoelectric crystals. Potassium sodium tartrate has a large piezoelectric sensitivity and piezoelectric coefficient, but it can only be applied in environments with low room temperature and low humidity. Dihydrogen phosphate is an artificial crystal that can withstand high temperatures and high humidity, so

Has been widely used.

Piezoelectric effect is also applied to polycrystals, such as current piezoelectric ceramics, including barium titanate piezoelectric ceramics, PZT, niobate piezoelectric ceramics, lead magnesium niobate piezoelectric ceramics, and the like.

Piezoelectric effect is the main working principle of piezoelectric sensor. Piezoelectric sensor cannot be used for static measurement because the charge after external force is only saved when the loop has infinite input impedance. The actual situation is not like this, so this determines that the piezoelectric sensor can only measure the dynamic stress.

Piezoelectric sensors are mainly used in the measurement of acceleration, pressure, and force. Piezoelectric acceleration sensor is a commonly used accelerometer. It has the advantages of simple structure, small size, light weight and long service life. It can also be used in the military industry, for example, to measure the momentary change in pressure and the pressure of the muzzle blast wave that are fired in a raft. It can be used to measure large pressures, but it can also be used to measure tiny pressures.

Piezoelectric sensors are also widely used in biomedical measurements. For example, ventricular catheter microphones are made of piezoelectric sensors, because the measurement of dynamic pressure is so common that the application of piezoelectric sensors is very wide.

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