Researchers use diamonds to develop quantum gravity sensors
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[ Instrument network instrument research and development ] Researchers from University College London (UCL), the University of Groningen, and the University of Warwick have proposed a detector based on quantum technology. The detector is only 1/4000 of the currently used detectors and can Detect intermediate frequency gravity waves. This new research shows that tiny diamond crystals can be used as extremely sensitive small gravitational detectors capable of measuring gravitational waves.
Einstein's general theory of relativity predicts that gravitational waves are space-time fluctuations produced by certain movements of massive objects. Studying them is important because they allow us to detect events in the universe that would otherwise have little or no observable light, such as black hole collisions.
In 2015, the Laser Interferometer Gravity Wave Observatory (LIGO) and Virgo collaborated to make direct observations of gravity waves for the first time. These waves were emitted by a 1.3 billion-year-old collision between two supermassive black holes. Scientists detected them using a 4-km-long optical interferometer.
The above-mentioned research report, published in the New Journal of Physics, details how to use the latest quantum and experimental techniques to construct a system that can simultaneously measure and compare the intensity of gravity at two locations detector.
In order to make the gravitational wave detector more accurate and convenient to use, researchers from UCL, the University of Groningen and the University of Warwick tried to use the most advanced quantum technology and experimental technology to build a detector that can simultaneously measure and compare the gravity intensity of two locations .
By using nano-scale diamond crystals weighing 10 ^ -17 kg, it can work. Stern-Gerlach interferometry is used to place the crystal in the quantum space superposition. Spatial superposition is a quantum state in which crystals exist in two different positions at the same time.
Quantum mechanics allows objects (no matter how large) to be spatially delocalized in two different locations at once. Although it is counterintuitive and directly conflicts with our daily experience, the superposition principle of quantum mechanics has been verified by experiments with neutrons, electrons, ions, and molecules.
Corresponding author Ryan Marshman (UCL Physics and Astronomy and UCLQ) said: "Quantum gravity sensors already exist using the principle of superposition. These sensors are used to measure Newtonian gravity and create extremely accurate measuring devices. The quantum mass used in current quantum gravity sensors Much smaller, such as atoms, but more in-depth experiments are advancing a series of new interferometric techniques that enable our equipment to study gravity waves more thoroughly."
"We found that compared to LIGO, our detectors can detect gravitational wave frequencies in a different range. These frequencies are only possible when scientists build large-scale detectors in space, with baselines of hundreds of thousands. Kilometers."
The research team envisions that their proposed smaller detector can be used to construct a detector network that can extract gravitational wave signals from background noise. The network may also be useful in providing precise information about the exact location of objects that are generating gravity waves.
"Although our proposed sensor is very ambitious in its application range (seemingly difficult to achieve), there does not seem to be any fundamental or insurmountable obstacles to using current and near future technologies to create sensors." Co-author Professor Sougato Bose said: “All the technical elements for making this detector have been implemented in different experiments around the world: the required force, the required vacuum quality, the method of stacking the crystals. The difficulty lies in putting all these Together and make sure the overlay remains intact."
The next step is for the team to work with experimenters to start building prototypes of the equipment. Importantly, as shown by the latest research in UCL and elsewhere, the same type of detector can also help detect whether gravity is a quantum force.
Ryan Marshman, one of the research leaders, said: "In fact, our initial goal was to develop a device that can explore non-classical gravity. However, due to the large amount of effort required to implement such a device, we later found It is very important to check the effectiveness of this device for measuring very weak classical gravity (such as gravity waves) and find it very promising!"

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