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(Original title: Enlightenment behind the high price "foreign plow")
The development of the agricultural machinery industry is mixed. Where is the future?
[ China Agricultural Machinery Industry News ] Recently, some media published a special report about "Northeast farmers would rather spend ten times more money to buy imported German plows". One stone stirred up thousands of waves. "China is a farming country. Why can't it make a decent plow?" China's agricultural machinery industry and Chinese manufacturing once again stood on the cusp of public opinion. The article is about a plow, and the refraction is indeed the entire agricultural machinery industry. We can't help but ask, what about China's agricultural machinery industry? Where is the future?
The development of the agricultural machinery industry is mixed. Where is the future?
Summarizing the development of China's agricultural machinery industry in recent years, it can be described as "mixed and mixed". It can be summarized in three words: the results are remarkable, the problems are outstanding, and there is a long way to go.
Significant development
Since the beginning of the new century, with the rapid development of the agricultural and rural economy, the national series of strong farmers benefit farmers and rich peasants policy support, with the implementation of the "Agricultural Mechanization Promotion Law" in 2004 as the starting point, China's agricultural machinery industry to maintain rapid development of "Golden Decade", Become a big country in the world of agricultural machinery and a big manufacturing country.
The steady development of the agricultural machinery industry has effectively supported the rapid development of China's agricultural mechanization and achieved three important signs of “one fast and two leapfrogsâ€, which made an irreplaceable contribution to accelerating the development of agricultural modernization and ensuring national food security.
"One quick" has formed a historical period in which China's agricultural mechanization has developed rapidly. From 2004 to the watershed, from the founding of New China to 54 years in 2003, the comprehensive mechanization level of crop cultivation and harvesting in China has grown from zero to 32.5%, an average annual increase of 0.6 percentage points; 2016 is expected to reach 66%, 13 years per year. The increase was 2.6 percentage points, more than four times the average annual speed in the past 54 years.
"Two leapfrogs", the first refers to China's agricultural mechanization level of more than 42% in 2007, achieving a historical leap from the initial stage to the intermediate stage; the second is that China's agricultural mechanization level exceeded 52% in 2010, marking the The historical leap from the traditional production mode of human and animal power to the mechanized production mode. In 2015, it reached 63% and entered a stage of rapid development. The agricultural labor force only accounts for less than 30% of the total social labor force, and the annual transfer of labor to other industries exceeds 250 million. Chinese agriculture has entered a new era of mechanized production.
Outstanding development issues
China is a big country in the world of agricultural machinery manufacturing and use, but it is big but not strong.
From the perspective of variety function, it is mainly based on three large grain crop field operation machines, large-scale, multi-functional, intelligent equipment required for agricultural standardization, intensification and industrialization, and special economic crop production machinery with geographical and international competitive advantages. There is a large shortage of special machinery for hilly and mountainous areas that adapt to the characteristics of the country.
In terms of technical and economic performance and reliability of major products, there is a large gap with similar products in developed countries, especially in terms of automation and intelligent technology. And large-scale complex agricultural machinery is completely dependent on imports, the core technology of products is still in the hands of foreign companies, the monopoly price remains high, and the comprehensive cost of agricultural production is increased.
The low technical performance of agricultural machinery has led to extensive agricultural inputs. China's agricultural production consumes more than 1.8 million tons of diesel per year, 220,000 tons of original drugs, more than 10 million tons of chemical fertilizers, and more than 90 billion cubic meters of irrigation water, which is a serious waste of resources and endangers the quality, safety and sustainable development of agricultural products.
Agricultural machinery enterprises are small in scale and low in production concentration. Nearly 2,000 enterprises of the current scale (with an output value of more than 20 million yuan), and the total output value is only lower than the two agricultural machinery enterprises in the United States. Before 2008, they were even worthy of the previous one. The industry average profit is less than 6%. The R&D investment in the whole industry accounts for less than 1% of the sales revenue (more than 4% in foreign countries). A considerable number of enterprises have low levels of disorderly vicious competition and even form technological dependence.
Intellectual property protection policies cannot be fully implemented, resulting in companies are reluctant to invest in research and development, popularization of technology, homogenization of technology, and homogenization of the market. The author participated in the 2016 China International Agricultural Machinery Exhibition (Wuhan). As I saw with my own eyes, the product convergence phenomenon has intensified. The name of a well-known enterprise, the well-known trademark, the “bad money drives out good moneyâ€, Li Wei and Li Gui compete on the same stage.
For example, in recent years, the best-selling balers are available to almost every manufacturer, and the structural principles and dimensions are the same. It is understood that a small square baler, the current price of the whole machine is less than 100,000 yuan, and the core components can only rely on imports, each machine has two sets of imported knotters nearly 40,000 yuan, and bargaining power, for Goods time can not be independent. The lower the price of the whole machine is, the lower the pressure is, the more foreign businessmen are stealing the music. In the long run, it will definitely damage the healthy development of the industry.
"The rise of the industry - imitating plagiarism - high-speed growth - overcapacity - sorrow and sorrow", can no longer be so live, can no longer be like this.
Development has a long way to go and dare to ask where is the road?
"Farmers' pursuit of 'Yangli' has inspired the reform of the supply side of agriculture" has already pointed out the direction. The "foreign plow" of 250,000 yuan was eagerly awaited, and the "earth plow" of 15,000 yuan was left unattended. Let us see the gap and see the future.
The era of agricultural machinery as a simple alternative to manual labor has passed. More importantly, agricultural machinery has become an indispensable material support for the development of agricultural industrialization, and has become an indispensable important means of production for farmers to increase their income. The aging of the agricultural labor force is becoming more and more obvious. The “3860†group staying in the countryside is unable to bear heavy physical labor. The peasants are also more expecting to have decent work and dignified life. The level of mechanization has become an important factor affecting farmers’ willingness to grow grain. factor.
Good wind relies on strength to send me to Qingyun. The party and the state government attach great importance to the development of agricultural machinery technology innovation, agricultural machinery manufacturing and agricultural mechanization. The No. 1 Document of the Central Government focused on “three rural issues†for 13 consecutive years, focusing on accelerating the development of agricultural machinery and agricultural mechanization. "Made in China 2025" regards "agricultural machinery and equipment" as one of the 10 key areas. The Outline of the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development regards "agricultural mechanization" as one of the eight major projects of "agricultural modernization" and regards "modern agricultural machinery and equipment" as one of the eight major directions of "equipment innovation development project".
A large developing country like China with a late-comer advantage, especially with the advantage of a socialist system, can realize the upgrading and jumping of technology and industry by implementing technological innovation and industrial incentive policies. It is even more important to "dance with wolves". We must seize the opportunity to embrace the sharing, opening and innovation dividends of globalization and the "Internet +" era, accelerate the improvement of independent innovation capabilities and supply of high-quality products, and achieve the focus of key groups. Sexual breakthroughs, towards a strong country in the manufacture of agricultural machinery and equipment.
The future of China's agricultural machinery is even better!