Tea needs rich content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium and the proportion of the three is appropriate to obtain higher quality. Too much or too little of an element will affect the quality of tea. In Shiyan City, the phenomenon of light phosphorus and potassium fertilization of nitrogenous fertilizers is common in fertilization of tea in Shiyan City, resulting in deficiency of soil nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which is not conducive to the improvement of tea yield and quality improvement. The first is the application of formula fertilization technology, organic fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and the combination of trace elements for balanced fertilization; the second is to adjust the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potash, organic and inorganic, a large number of elements and trace elements, to rebuild the tea garden quality and efficient Soil nutrients bank to improve and enhance soil fertility. In recent years, trials and demonstrations have shown that the average soil yield per hectare increased by more than 1% for teas with soil testing and formula fertilization, and the promotion of soil testing and formula fertilization is an effective way to increase tea yield and quality.
The problem in production is that the output of tea is not high, and the unbalanced growth of the tea plantations has limited the further improvement of tea production, quality and economic efficiency. In order to provide a scientific basis for improving production and quality. According to the soil sampling technique of soil testing and fertilizer application in tea gardens, according to the actual distribution and area of ​​the tea plantations, 55 soil sampling samples were obtained from five leading enterprises in Longwangjing, Meizigong, Shengshui, Eight Immortals, and Alishan, and GPS was used for the center. Sampling point positioning, each point along the tea tree tree sew line, using the "S" site sampling method, using stainless steel scoop 15 to 20 points of the same amount of soil samples mixed. The mixed soil samples were air-dried, slag-removed, crushed and sieved, and 500 g mixed soil samples were sampled by diagonal sampling method for analysis. Samples for rapid nutrient and pH analysis were passed through a 20 mesh nylon screen.
The content of N, P and K in the tea garden was measured by using a soil nutrient fastness tester. The content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in the tea garden was higher, and the nitrogen supply capacity was stronger. The content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in the soil was 29.0-341.0 mg/kg, the average content was 121.15 mg/kg, and the coefficient of variation was 60.1%. The differences in different tea gardens were significant. 52.7% of the tea garden soil had rich content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and reached Grade I tea garden standard. 42.0% of the tea garden had acceptable alkalinous dissolved nitrogen, which accorded with the Grade II tea garden standard. Only 5.3% of the tea garden soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen was lower than the critical value. The average content of alkaline dissolved nitrogen is lower than the average value of Hubei Province. From an elevation point of view, the distribution of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in the soil is in the range of 800m to 500m below 800m above sea level. Soil available phosphorus is an important indicator of soil phosphorus supply. The available phosphorus content in tea gardens is moderately low and the phosphorus supply capacity is poor. The content of available phosphorus in soil was 0.9～57.6mg/kg, the average content was 11.41mg/kg, and the coefficient of variation was 92.6%. The difference among different tea gardens was large, and the representative of average was poor. The average content of available phosphorus is far below the average of the province. 38.2% of the tea gardens were rich in available phosphorus, reaching the Grade I tea garden standard. 41.8% of the tea gardens had acceptable phosphorus content, which was in line with the Grade II tea garden standard. 20.0% of the tea garden soil available phosphorus was lower than the critical value and required additional phosphate fertilizer. From an elevation point of view, available phosphorus is rich in soil below 800 m in elevation, and is less than 800 m above sea level. The distribution of available phosphorus in soil decreases with elevation. The available potassium in the tea garden soil was low, with an average of 94.87 mg/kg and a variation coefficient of 46.3%. The percentage of tea gardens with content of Class I tea gardens was 27.3%, the tea gardens with Grade II tea plants accounted for 34.6%, and the tea gardens with soil available potassium levels lower than the critical value were more, accounting for 38.1% of the total. From an elevation point of view, the distribution of soil available potassium increased with elevation. Tea plantations have a large area of ​​available potassium deficiency and should be supplemented with potassium. Soil organic matter content is one of the important indicators of the tea garden's fertility level. Soil organic matter content is closely related to the level of soil fertility. Soil organic matter provides plant nutrition, improves the soil's ability to retain water and fertility, and promotes the formation of soil aggregate structure and soil potential nutrient conversion. Reduce leaching and soil erosion and eliminate pesticide residue and heavy metal pollution.
Increasing organic fertilizers and increasing soil organic matter content are important for improving yield and quality. We should give full play to the advantages of rich organic manure resources in mountain areas, broaden the sources of fertilizers, adopt organic fertilizers such as stacking fertilizer, straw mulching, interplanting green manure, increasing organic manure, and applying organic manure, etc. The application rate is not less than 30t/hm2, so that the input of organic nitrogen reaches more than 30% of total nitrogen.

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